Problem 1:
(a) 5 points.  1 for understanding the summation (which terms to
include, etc.).  1 point for each of the 3 plots.  1 for a 1-2
sentence comparison of the plots.

(b) 1 point for understanding which terms to include.  1 point for the
plot.  1 point for comparison with previous signal.

Problem 2:

2 points for the correct formula use.  1 point for calculations for
each of the cases.  Do not deduct points for small arithmetic errors.
Do detect 1-2 points if working improperly with units.

Problem 3:

(a) 3 points.  1 for correctly using area, 1 for using the correct
formula, and 1 for correct calculation/use of units.  Deduct a point
or two if using dB wrongly.

(b) 2 point for correct formula and noticing that both gains appear.
1 point for using correct units.

Problem 4:

(a) 3 points.  This was trivial.  3 for correct answer, and 1 for
incorrect attempt.

(a) 2 points.  This was trivial.  2 for correct answer, and 1 for
incorrect attempt.

Problem 5:

(a) Correct formula for area 1 point, calculating antenna gain (1
point), and 1 point for getting units right.

(b) 1 pt for correctly applying all gains, 1 pt for getting units
right, and 1 for getting final answer correctly.

Again, do not penalize minor typos or incorrect calculation.

Problem 6:

First part (7 points): An attempt using earth's radius, tangent to
its surface, etc -- 3 points (give partial credit where necessary),
ignoring the h^2 terms -- 1 point, getting units right 1 pt, and final
answer 1 pt.

Second part (3 points): Use of formula -- 1 pt, collect units -- 1 pt,
and final answer -- 1 pt.

Problem 7:

Modulating the carrier signals 1 pt each.  Using basic trigonometry to
express signal as sum of sinusoids -- 2 pts.  Finally, 2 points to
apply the filters.

Problem 8:

1 for each part a-c (0 if incorrect).  For the last 3 parts, since the
question was poorly stated, give the remaining 2 points for any attempt.