Gene Cooperman's General Information

• My Virtual Reference Desk

Table of Contents

• Countries of World, and United Nations and regions
  • United States government
  • Regional Free lists
  • Massachusetts
• Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • Hyperhistory (excellent)
  • Gregory Aldrete: The Roman Empire - Rise and Fall of Ancient Rome
    (with host, Lex Fridman)
    • The Roman Empire, From Augustus to the Fall of Rome; Podcast #443 (by "acclaimed Prof. Gregory Aldrete of the U. of Wisconsin" in "24 captivating lectures")
    • Ed Barnhart: Maya, Aztec, Inca, and Lost Civilizations of South America
      • ArchaeoEd: A Podcast About Ancient Civilizations of the Americas
    • Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens
    • Edward Gibson: Human Language, Psycholinguistics, Syntax, Grammar & LLMs
      • See Dependency and Locallity as an Explanatory Principle for Word Order (by Futrell, Levy, and Gibson; will be free to download: Fall, 2024)
      • Dependency Parsing (by Sandra Kübler, Ryan McDonald, and Joakim Nivre; 2009)
    • Lisa Randall: Dark Matter, Theoretical Physics, and Extinction Events
    • Betül Kaçar: Origin of Life, Ancient DNA, Panspermia, and Aliens
    • Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots
    • Martin Rees: Black Holes, Alien Life, Dark Matter, and the Big Bang
    • Michio Kaku: Future of Humans, Aliens, Space Travel & Physics
    • Jim Gates: Supersymmetry, String Theory and Proving Einstein Right
    • The History of Rome (award-winning podcasts)
    • Great Military Blunders Lectures (by Gregory Aldrete)
  • The History Net
  • General History of Africa (UNESCO)
  • Colonial germ warfare
  • Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1938
  • Slave Narratives: Autobiographies (part of "Documenting The American South"; e.g., a moving autobiography of Lewis Garrard Clarke from 1845, or this with picture of Uncle Tom's Cabin)
    • Slave Law in Colonial Virginia: A Timeline
      • 1669 (and confirmed in 1682, article XXXIV): Killing one's own slave is legal:
        If any slave resists his master or another who is correcting him and if the slave should chance to die, then his death shall not be accounted a felony by the master or the other person, since it cannot be presumed that aforethought malice (which makes murder a felony) would induce any man to destroy his own estate. ("if any slave resist his master (or othe by his masters order correcting him) and by the extremity of the correction should chance to die, that his death shall not be accompted ffelony, but the master (or that other person appointed by the master to punish him) be acquit from molestation, since it cannot be presumed that prepensed malice (which alone makes murther ffelony) should induce any man to destroy his owne estate.")
    • Slaves and Free Persons of Color. An Act Concerning Slaves and Free Persons of Color (North Carolina, from Documenting the American South, UNC (exp. concerned with runaways: also, 1826: No emancipated slave allowed to remain in state, and no "free negro" allowed to migrate into the state)
      • Slaves are Prohibited to Read and Write by Law (after Nat Turner Rebellion of 1831)
    • Stono Rebellion (1739, South Carolina)
    • South Carolina Negro Act of 1740 (see page 5) (owners permitted to kill rebellious slave; slaves cannot raise food, earn money, or learn to write English)
      • The negro law of South Carolina (1848, 68 pages) (Library of Congress, or alt)
        (p. 19, Sect. 57: Act of 1835: "unlawful for free negros ... to migrate into this State")
    • Using Primary Sources in the Classroom: Slavery Unit (with link to Document 1: John G. Akin, A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama - 1833, Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, Alabama)
      • Alabama Legislature Bans Free Black People from Living in the State (Jan. 17, 1834; aftermath of Nat Turner rebellion)
      • Selections from Alabama's Laws Governing Slaves (from CUNY university, NY; but the original Alabama documents on the web have been moved)
      • Alabama Slave Code of 1833 (S31) ("Any person who shall attempt to teach any free person of color, or slave, to spell, read or write, shall upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined in a sum of not less than two hundred fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars."; After Nat Turner Rebellion of 1931, all slave states except Maryland, Kentucky and Tennessee passed laws against teaching slaves to read and write)
    • Florida Memory: An Act Concerning Slaves, Free Negroes and Mulattoes, Approved January 19, 1828
    • Southern slavery and the law, 1619-1860
    • Slavery & the law
    • PoliceCommission121620-DanteKingPresentation.pdf
    • The Underground Railroad (by William Still (African-American Philadelphia "stationmaster" of Underground Railroad), published 1872; from Project Gutenberg)
    • 10 Facts about Washington & Slavery
    • Princeton & Slavery (history of slavery at Princeton University)
      "... domestic slavery .... I am a northern man by birth and a southern man by adoption. In regard to this fearful subject I speak to you the words of truth, and I hope they may sink into your hearts. Slavery is not a spot on the sun of our union, or if one it was planted there by permission of an all just and overruling Providence, and does not obscure its dazzling brilliancy. Who does not see in the transplanting of the African to America, the means of restoring to the degraded descendants of Ham the benefits of civilization and christianity? ... Liberia .... whatever atrocities may have subsequently characterized the African slave trade, ..., it originated with La Casas, a Dominican monk, and a missionary among the Indians of San Domingo, who, struck with pity at the sufferings inflicted by the whites upon the Indians, formed the idea of transplanting to that island of Africans, whose adaptation to that tropical climate, and a greater power of endurance, rendered them capable of toil which the feeble Indians could not sustain. ... in no country upon the earth is the African as happy, as useful to himself or to the country he inhabits, as the southern slave. ... It confers unnumbered blessings upon the black man as well as the white. Look at Africa! Its miserable inhabitants ... Look at the free negroes in your own northern states and compare their condition with that of the southern slaves. The latter protected by law and an enlightened public sentiment, well fed, and not overworked (for that they cannot be) eminently contribute to their own happiness and the country's prosperity. ... They know that they, and their offspring however numerous will be abundantly provided for. ... watch closely to condemn the movements of those, who would convert the jocund laugh, and merry song of the industrious slave into the demoniac yells of infuriated savages!" —  Address delivered at the time of the Princeton commencement for the class of 1850 by the Hon. David S. Kaufman, Congressman from Texas, June 25, 1850, Princeton University ( David S. Kaufman was of German Mennonite ancestry.)
  • The Black Jacobins (history of Haitian slave revolt, by C.L.R. James)
  • South Carolina Declaration of Secession, 1860 (South Carolina was the first state to secede from the union.)
  • President Woodrow Wilson as racist (After the Civil War, federal government was desegregated; but 50 years later Wilson resegregated it, and fired 15 of the 17 black supervisors in the federal government and replaced with white supervisors.)
  • The Silent South: The Freedman's Case in Equity and the Convict Lease System by George W. Cable, 1907 (first edition: 1889)
    "... while those who were under sentences of ten years And over numbered 538, although ten years, as the rolls show, Is the utmost length of time that a convict can be expected to Remain alive in a Georgia penitentiary. ... In Georgia outside her prisons there are eight whites to every Seven blacks. Inside, there are eight whites to every eighty Blacks."
  • Orangeburg Massacre, Feb. 8, 1968 (mostly black protesters against a segregated bowling alley; 3 killed, 32 injured by South Carolina Highway Patrol at South Carolina State University; a jury spent two hours to decide that the killings were justified because the police were in fear of danger from the unarmed protesters)
  • The Black (761st Tank) Battalion that rescued Tony Blinken’s stepfather (southern racist discrimination, Battle of the Bulge, liberated the concentration camp Gunskirchen, and there are some stories about Black American soldiers at the liberation of Dachau; Jackie Robinson briefly served with the 761st)
  • Tha Armenian Genocide (1915-16): Overview (U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum: between 664,000 and 1.2 million killed; The Forty Days of Musa Dagh is a novel written by Werfel (Austrian Jew) to memorialize the genocide)
  • Testimony of Survivors; The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders
    • Testimonies from 1937 Nanjing Massacre in China fully indexed and subtitled : (USC Shoah Foundation: Naning Massacre from archive of many genocides; requires free registration))
  • American Prison Writing Archive (alt)
    • "The Zo", a video about prison life (by Molly Crabapple, narrated by Michael K. Williams)
  • Short history of Angola prison: A slave plantation converted into a prison
  • Equal Justice Initiative
    • Legacy of Lynching | Equal Justice Initiative
      • Lynching in America -- supplement by county
      • The Memorial to Peace and Justice (memorial to victims of lynching)
      • lynching marker project
    • Uncomfortable Conversations with a Black Man (videos by former NFL linebacker, Emmanuel Acho)
  • The Murder of Emmet Till (Approved Killing in Mississippi) (full story by Look magazine, based in part on interview with the murderers; the modern-day memorial sign for Till is repeatedly shot with bullet holes)
  • Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch in 1923 (The History Place) (eerie parallels with the modern march on the U.S. Capitol building: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.")
  • The Rise of Adolf Hitler (The History Place)
    • Hitler's first radio address to the German people (from Chapter 5 of Facing History: The National Socialist Revolution)
    • It Started With Words
  • Nazis: The Road to Power Excellent! (16 podcasts with excellent acting, showing the steps to power and the thought processes of the Nazi politicians/activists; some parts are reminiscent of some anti-democratic movements in today's world)
  • Memory of the Camps (Frontline: "one of the most definitive records ... of Nazi death camps")
  • I Have a Message For You (extraordinary story of one of the people on the train from France to Auschwitz)
  • Japanese Wartime Atrocities (biological warfare)
  • Internet Modern History Sourcebook
  • American Rhetoric: The Power of Oratory in the United States (audio and transcripts)
    • Martin Luther King, Jr.: Beyond Vietnam -- A Time to Break Silence (April 4, 1967, Riverside Church, New York City)
      • The Casualties of the War in Vietnam (and transcript or alt; Feb. 25, 1967, Los Angeles)
      • Conspiracy Trial (The Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change)
  • The secret deportations: how Britain betrayed the Chinese men who served the country in the war
  • Behind the Bastards (bad people in history)
    • Worst Year Ever (loss of Rojava/Kurdish freedom)
  • Study of Robert Pape/CPOST on domestic terrorism (Study of Capitol insurrection from Apr. l6, 2021)
    • Understanding American Domestic Terrorism (slides)
    • What an analysis of 377 Americans arrested or charged in the Capitol insurrection tells us (Washington Post opinion piece)
    • Origins of Insurrectionists (youtube)
• Harlem Children's Zone (inspiring "conveyor belt" education model, led by Geoffrey Canada)
• Sold a Story: How Teaching Kids to Read Went So Wrong
• Maps
• Other Languages
  • Voynich Manuscript (medieval manuscript in an unknown language, code, or babble)
  • yourDictionary.com (excellent)
  • Dictionary - online translation (bab.la) (many languages: English, Spanish, French, German, Russian, Chinese, etc.)
  • Free Translation (among English, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese)
  • Translating dictionaries
  • Babylon dictionary and translator
    • Babylon on-line translator lookup
  • AllWords.com (including crossword solver)
  • Chinese radicals (Kangxi) with English meanings
  • International characters using "compose" key (or right windows key???)
  • Foreign Language Learning Online
  • FSI Language Courses (Foreign Service Institute, developed by US government, in public domain; alt from yojik.eu; alt from antibozo.net)
  • SERVAS international (visiting in different countries)
  • Chinese
  • French
  • German
    • Franz Xaver von Schönwerth: Märchen aus der Oberpfalz - Kapitel 1
  • Greek
  • Spanish
  • Russian
  • Yiddish
  • Nostratic family
  • Online Etymology Dictionary
  • World Wide Words (etymologies)
    • Book: From Latin To Romance Sound Charts, 1954
    • Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans
      • Why French sounds so unlike other Romance languages (YouTube)
      • Evolution of Words from Latin to French (YouTube)
      • The history of Spanish - FULL (YouTube)
      • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1oZf-OxxEY (YouTube)
      • Evolution of English (YouTube)
      • Evolution of French (YouTube)
      • Evolution of German (YouTube)
      • Evolution of Spanish (YouTube, with citations)
• Joule Solar Fuel (converts CO2 source into Ethanol, etc., without need for biomass)
• Konarka Technologies (polymer solar cells that one can roll up and carry around)
• History
• Entertainment
  • Books
  • Art
  • Music (also cf. radio)
  • Movies
  • Television
  • Radio
  • Comics
  • News (also cf. International broadcast networks, French news, German news)
  • Sports (good general site?)
  • Local Info
  • Travel (also cf. international travel)
  • Business
  • Health
  • Reference
• Other fun stuff

The Blue Ribbon Online Free Speech Campaign!

Detailed stuff

• Index Mundi (Country profiles)
  • The Virtual Tourist - World (web servers by geographical location)
  • Country Studies (comprehensive, from Library of Congress)
  • Largest Military Expenditures (Infoplease.com, 2013)
  • United Nations
    • United Nations Statistical Yearbook
    • World Statistics Pocketbook
    • UNITAR-UNOSAT (UNITAR’S Operational Satellite Applications Programme)
      • Latest maps (and can select maps by country; e.g., damage assessment during wars)
    • Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of human rights of countries (United Nations Human Rights Council)
      • United States
  • Current National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
    • Income and Poverty in the United States: 2016 (U.S. Census Department)
    • U.S. Household Incomes: A 50-Year Perspective (note, especially, table: "Real Mean Household Income Cumulative Growth By Quintile and Top 5 Percent": bottom 60% grew much slower than top 40%)
  • COVID-19 statistics (New York Times, county- and state-level statistics with date, cases, deaths)
  • Statistics - OECD
    The US has a lot of money, but it does not look like a developed country (quartz.com, March, 2017) Country statistical profiles: Key tables from OECD (excellent!; does include Brazil, China, India, Russia) Directorate for Education and Skills Population with tertiary education (by age; OECD) Top 10 Chinese cities by urbant resident population Trends in top five causes of death for children
    • List of cities in China by population
    U.S. continues to slip behind other countries in percentage of population with degrees (APMreports.org; Jan., 2019) World Population Review The Global State of Democracy Report 2021 Democracy Index 2021 (by The Economist magazine) Index Index - Index on Censorship List of countries by tertiary education attainment (Wikipedia) Infant mortality rate Maternal mortality rate (select "Download data" for further details) Education at a Glance 2013, OECD Indicators (click on "READ"; including previous years; China, Russia, India, Brazil not included in OECD; US is #17 out of 29 for 2011 for graduation rate with Bachelor's for young people; US is #22 out of 23 for 2011 in Chart A4.1 - of students who enter tertiary education, proportion who graduate with a degree is 50%. ) Education at a Glance, OECD
    • Sustainable Development Report (performance of all 193 UN Member States in SDG (Sustaiable Development Goals))
    • GINI coefficient of inequality (OECD countries)
    • GINI index of inequality (United States, 1974 - 2020)
      • Tertiary graduation rate in OECD (Select "Tertiary" in drop-down menu; United States not listed)
      • Average, Median, Top 1%, and all United States Net Worth Percentiles
      • National height rankings (but blank page as of Feb., 2024) (and article referencing it)
    • Country Notes (2014)
  • Statistical Resources on the Web
    • UN Statistics
    • United Nations World Population Prospects
      • Largest cities by population (and past and future trends)
    • U.S. population growth has nearly flatlined, new census data shows (Dec., 2021) U.S. religion (decennial census) (largely based on who actively attends a house of worship) 2022 PRRI Census of American Religion (largely based on self-identified religious affiliation)
    • U. N. Statistics Division -- Millenium Indicators
    • OECD: A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries
    • The Hamilton Index, 2023: China Is Running Away With Strategic Industries
    • The World Factbook (CIA)
    • Nationmaster - Country comparisons
    • Global Innovation Index 2020
    • Country Rankings (per capita GDP, oil exports, consumption, etc.)
      • World Economic League Table (WELT) (predictions of GDP for next 15 years)
      • International Comparison Program (ICP) (World Bank estimates of PPP GDP: GDP if each of the goods produced were priced as if it were sold in the United States)
      • GDP by State (In Q3, 2019, California had the 5th largest GDP, after US, China, Japan, Germany)
      • Urbanization in the United States (by state)
      • Critical Technology Tracker
      • Minimum wage per hour in China as of January 2023, by region
        • Average annual income in China in 2021, by region
        • A Guide to Minimum Wages in China in 2023 (and later)
      • U.S. Financial Health Pulse (Center for Financial Services Innovation: ongoing snapshot of how Americans manage their finances)
        • Inaugural U.S. Financial Health Pulse Report Finds Only 28 Percent of People in America are Financially Healthy
      • Freedom House -- Global Freedom Scores (click on a country for detailed report; and Methodology)
      • Freedom in the World 2021 (Freedom House)
    • CEIC data (country indicators)
    • Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) (trading bloc with China, Japan, South Korea, and 12 other countries)
    • Inequality index (based on Gini index of World Bank)
      • Pocket Piketty: A Handy Guide to Capital in the Twenty-First Century (by Jesper Poine; summary of history of inequality)
    • Economic indicators
    • Middle Class (statistics by Pew Research Center)
      • The State of the American Middle Class (From 1970 to 2023; Middle-class: two-thirds to double the median household income, which was $106,100 in 2022)
      • Americans Are Losing Faith in the Value of College (New York Times, Sept. 5, 2023:hHigh school grads going straight to college has fallen to 62% in 2023, from 70% in 2016.)
    • Global Wealth Report (Crédit Suisse)
    • Worldwide auto production statistics (2022) (and alt)
      • greencarcongress.com
      • Global Auto report (auto sales by ScotiaBank)
      • Electric Car Use by Country
      • World Top Automobile Companies List
      • Federal Vehicle Standards | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions:
      • Jose Pontes: electric vehicle news
      • Zachary Shahan electric vehicle news
      • Maximilian Holland electric vehicle news
      • CnEvPost - China EV News
      • TechNode - Latest China Tech Trends
      • Caixin articles (often on hi-tech) (known for "investigative journalism"?)
      • Caijing.com (use Google translate for English view)
      • Multisectoral drivers of decarbonizing battery electric vehicles in China
        • IEA (Integrating Solar and Wind: 2024) (page 67: Generation profile in California (CAISO) for selected technologies, 30 April 2024)
        • Autonomous Buses Fueled by Wireless Charging (in Zhengzhou, China, Feb., 2023)
        • China is propelling its electric truck market by embracing battery swapping (Aug., 2023)
        • Europe, China, & India Can Electrify All Rail, Why Can’t The US? (Feb., 2023; with share of emissions for transportation modes)
        • 1,000-Kilometer Route Yangtze Container Ship With Swappable Batteries (July, 2023)
        • China approves world’s first passenger-carrying flying taxi (Oct., 2023, electric autonomous flying taxi, 60 mph, 2 passengers, 20 minutes flying time)
      • Electric Viking (youtube blogs on electric cars)
      • Automobile propre
      • Green Car Reports
      • Jiemian "power plant" (EV) news (translate to English)
      • Jiemian renewable technology news (translate to English)
      • Jiemian ESG (environment) news (translate to English)
      • Huodian BJX (thermal power) (translate to English)
      • Car News China
      • EVMagz -- Electric Vehicle News
      • Electric Vehicles Archives (Clean@Technica)
        • China NEV retail rises to 856,000 in Jun, penetration hits another record at 48.4% (June, 2024) (or Half of Car Sales in China Are Now Plugins!, from CleanTechnica for June, 2024)
        • 38% Plugin Vehicle Market Share In China! (June, 2023)
        • EVs Take 19.8% Share In Germany — Triple Trouble Hits EV Transition (June, 2024)
        • EVs At 24.6% Share In Germany — Tesla Model Y 3rd Overall (June, 2023)
        • EVs At 24.1% Share In France — Down YoY As Trade Barriers Kick In (June, 2024)
        • France New EV Record High — Tesla Model Y Bestseller (26.9%, June, 2023)
        • EVs Take 28.2% Share In The UK — Tesla Still Leads (June, 2024)
        • EVs Take 25.1% Of The UK — Tesla Model Y Overall Bestseller (June, 2023)
      • NIO to slash workforce by 30% (by 2027) as it bets on robots and AI (or alt, with fully automated robotic assembly)
        • and a cool speeded-up video of NIO's Smart Manufacturing
        • Nio bets big on battery swap stations amid growing EV price war (Technode, March, 2023)
      • Inside EVs - Electric Vehicle News, Reviews, and Reports
      • The EV Transition (IEEE Spectrum, 2023?)
      • The stones in the road for China’s 2025 plan on electric vehicles (From 2018: "China wants EVs to account for 40 per cent of the country’s auto sales by 2025"; Also, excellent overview of electric vehicles worldwide)
      • Gasoline demand growth to slow this year on EV growth in China, U.S. (May, 2024)
      • Global EV Outlook 2024 (IEA)
    • ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide (IEA)
    • Global Energy Statistical Yearbook (excellent)
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration of DOE
      • End of Cheap Oil (from Scientific American, 1998)
      • Mining the Athabasca oil sands (tar sands) (Excellent! Pictures that tell a fascinating technology story.)
        • The other extraction method for tar sands is SAGD, which is becoming the dominant method now that there is little remaining tar sands oil near the surface.
      • The End of the Oil Age (another good overview, 2003)
      • Another Simmons article
      • Twilight in the Desert, by Matthew Simmons, about status of Saudi oil fields
      • and one on natural gas (Dale Allen Pfeiffer)
      • Future World Oil Supply (presented at Salzburg 2002 Summer School) (excellent overview)
      • Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage (book with online chapter by Princeton U. Press, former geology professor)
      • ASPO Newsletters (available from Peakoil.net)
      • AAPG (American Association of Petroleum Geologists)
      • Speeches and papers of Matthew Simmons
      • Regularly Appearing Statistics
        • International Energy Agency (IEA) Analysis: Reports (see especially Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020 (report appears every five years); World Energy Outlook, annual series, and other free publications -- free after 2 to 3 years)
        • Oil Market Report (from IEA)
        • EIA International Energy Outlook (from Energy Information Administration of U.S. government, with statistics and individual country reports); EIA Annual Energy Outlook (see especially "Sources & Uses" and Petroleum); Annual Energy Outlook (projections to 2025; with forecasts and Projections
        • Country Analysis Briefs (EIA/DOE)
        • Monthly Oil and Natural Gas Production (EIA)
      • Estimates of recoverable oil
        • Predicted production and estimates of recoverable oil by country (based on Hubbert Peak methodology)
        • Resources for (Estimated Ultimately Recoverable) Oil and Natural Gas, based on USGS 2000 assessment using 1996 data (with details for each country)
        • Current crude oil production by country (note crude oil does not include natural gas liquids, etc.)
          • Country-by-country energy statistics (Based on current DOE reports)
          • International Petroleum Production (Monthly and Quarterly Data)
          • International Petroleum Monthly (EIA/DOE)
      • Beyond Peak Oil
      • Deepwater Gulf of Mexico 2009 (pdf, from MMS/DOE) (or alt)
      • New projects to reverse Gulf of Mexico natural gas declines (Nov., 2018, EIA Today in Energy)
      • Wolfcamp play for oil and natural gas in Permian basin (Nov., 2018, EIA Today in Energy)
      • Oil in Iraq
        • articles on energy security (oil supplies) by Institute for the Analysis of Global Security
          • Iraq Pipeline Watch (continuing chronology of attacks on Iraqi pipelines from 2008)
      • Assessing the size and uncertainty of remaining carbon budgets (2023, By 2029, the carbon budget will be exhausted, and we are on course for warming above 1.5°C.)
      • Cap and Trade Archives (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions)
        • RGGI, Inc. The Reginoal Greenhouse Gas Initiative: an initiative of Eastern States of the US
        • EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
        • California Air Resources Board
          • Program Linkage - California Air Resources Board (California and Quebec)
        • Chinese national carbon trading scheme (China ETS) (Wikipedia)
          • The first year of China’s national carbon market, reviewed
          • China Climate News & Analysis (chinadialogue.net)
          • China’s move to increase coal supplies won’t affect decarbonisation (chinadialogue.net, 2022)
      • World Energy Resources (USGS)
        • Geology, Oil and Gas Fields of the World
      • a BP energy Outlook; 2024 edition (predicts peak oil in 2025)
    • Natural Gas Annual (EIA, USA)
      • The greenhouse gas footprint of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from the United StatesThe greenhouse gas footprint of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exported from the United States (Eneregy Science & Engineering, Oct., 2024)
      • A Smoking Gun for Biden’s Big Climate Decision? A new analysis suggests that L.N.G. exports may well be worse for the environment than burning [local] coal [due to methane leaks from shale gas production and LNG transport]. (Oct.  31, 2023; based on preprint of article by Robert Howarth)
      • A commentary on “The greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas in shale formations” by R.W. Howarth, R. Santoro, and Anthony Ingraffea (Jan., 2012: counter-argument for natural gas, but not LNG (but the journal also publishes climate skeptics): Howarth is flawed due to comparing coal and shale gas by heat value, instead of electricity production; assumed methane leakage rate (but higher for LNG); and 20-year time frame versus 100-year); or this Breakthrough Institute blog by a Senior Fellow
      • Asserting the climate benefits of the coal-to-gas shift across temporal and spatial scales (Nature Climate Change, 2019; analyzes natural gas, but not LNG)
    • Annual Coal Report (EIA, USA)
      • Global Coal Plant Tracker
      • Coal Cost Crossover 2.0
        • Coal Cost Crossover 3.0 (but full report download asks for your e-mail)
      • China May Soon Hit Peak Coal (in 2025 and beyond)
      • Everything You Think You Know About Coal in China Is Wrong (comparing top 100 coal plants in China and U.S.; May, 2017)
      • Coal Production in the United States - An (sic) Historical Overview
      • International Coal (EIA)
    • World Renewable Production of Electricity
      • Renewable Capacity Statistics 2021
      • Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2021
      • EurObserv'ER Barometer (renewable energy statistics)
        • EurObserv'ER Barometer (photovoltaic, 2022, for 2021)
        • EurObserv'ER Barometer (wind energy, 2022, for 2021)
      • GEO FCT Portal (Forest Carbon Tracking Portal; requires Google Earth --- doesn't run on Linux?)
    • Global Wind Energy Council
      • Wind Power News
      • World Wind Energy Association - Statistics (and here)
      • Wind Power Engineering News
      • Wind Europe (Newsroom)
      • Wind power by country (Wikipedia)
      • Wind power production for main countries (thewindpower.net)
      • IEA (International Energy Agency) Wind Home Page (with Annual Report for world)
      • American Wind Energy Association
      • 100% Renewable (country/island)
    • IEA (International Energy Agency) Photovoltaic energy (solar electric) (with annual reports, 2020)
      • PV Magazine
        • Global Solar Module Prices/OPIS: Price range for US-delivered modules widens (Aug., 2024: US/DDP: $0.29/W, EU/FOB: $0.10/W, China/FOB: $0.096/W ; TOPCon)
      • PV Tech
      • China leads global renewables race with record-breaking 230 GW installations in 2023 ("China’s end-user power prices are less than half those in Europe or Australia .... The China power market is now larger than that of Europe and the US combined")
      • The momentum of the solar energy transition ("a global irreversible solar tipping point may have passed where solar energy gradually comes to dominate global electricity markets, without any further climate policies")
      • A Race to the Top: China 2023 (China to meet its green energy targets 5 years early)
      • Energy Storage News
        • pumped hydro - Energe Storage News
      • Also, see: Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
      • Solar Power World News (mostly American news)
      • Solar Energy News (solarmagazine.com)
      • Solar Energy News
      • Solar Daily (along with Wind Daily, Nuclear Power, and others)
      • Solar power by country (Wikipedia)
      • Operable utiity-scale generating units as of December 2022
      • China aims to start work on 270GW of pumped storage facilities by 2025
        • 1.2GW pumped hydro plant in China reaches commercial operation (Feb., 2023)
      • 'World's largest' compressed air energy storage project connects to the grid in China (April 10, 2024)
      • Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in China (from SolarPACES at IEA)
        • China’s 2050 power could be Zero Carbon for under 1% of GDP: study
        • Cosin Solar now supplies 1 GW of China’s tower CSP
        • World’s Largest Energy Firm to Build Three Chinese CSP Projects
        • China’s Big State-Owned Firms Begin New CSP for 2024
      • CSP News & Analysis (or alt)
        • US releases rule ensuring only green hydrogen gets $3/kg tax credit (Dec., 2023)
      • (Also, see SunShot 2030 (DOE).)
      • US Electricity Generation (share of renewables, coal, natural gas, nuclear)
      • Majority of New Renewables Undercut Cheapest Fossil Fuel on Cost (and full report)
      • Energy EfficiencyNewsWind PowerOnshoreSolarUtility Scale Report: New solar is cheaper to build than to run existing coal plants in China, India and most of Europe
      • Electricity Data Explorer | Open Source Global Electricity Data (excellent! Easy to compare fuel source of country/region, and to compare two regions for use of fuel source)
        • 2023 Review of Global Electricity (executive summary) (2023 to be the first year with net fall in electricity generation using fossil fuels)
      • EIA Electric Power Monthly (browser of electrical production by energy source)
        • Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Renewable Sources Excluding Hydroelectric
        • Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Coal
        • Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Nuclear Energy
        • Utility Scale Facility Net Generation from Natural Gas
        • EIA Electric Power Monthly (see, especially, "Maps" (e.g., Figure 6.1.D. Utility-Scale Planned Retirements) and "Chapter 6. Capacity")
          • (also posted monthly at "Peak Oil Barrel" but not recently updated)
        • Table 5.6.A. Average Price by State
        • Today in Energy (EIA)
        • State Profiles and Energy Estimates (EIA; select a state, and choose "State Energy Profile" from right menu)
        • Rosatom (Wikipedia)
          • VVER
          • BN-1200 reactor (fast breeder reactor)
          • FSUE Atomflot (nuclear-powered icebreakers)
          • Floating nuclear power plants
          • Small reactors and floating nuclear plants
        • oJust How Radioactive Are Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons? (tactical nuclear weapons; nuclear power is considered "dual use": trained nuclear technicians and enriched uranium for dual use)
        • EDF (Électricité de France)
      • Documenting a Decade of Cost Declines for PV Systems (Feb., 2021)
        • EERE: SunShot (program of DOE to reduce solar power costs by 75% over decade 2011 - 2020: achieving price parity with fossil-based energy: installed cost of about $1/watt or 6 cents per kwh)
          • SunShot 2030 (DOE) (goal of solar energy for $0.03 per kilowatt-hour for utility scale by 2030, $0.05 for residential -- as compared to $0.06/utility and $0.16/residential in 2017)
          • Potential Role of Concentrating Solar Power within the Context of DOE's 2030 Solar Cost Targets
          • DOE — sort of — kills 'SunShot Initiative' (2018) (The Department of Energy has stopped calling its solar arm the "SunShot Initiative" and is weighing an overhaul to a key solar competition, prompting new worries about the Trump administration's intentions on renewable power.)
        • Tracking the Sun (prices and trends for distributed photovoltaic Systems in the United States)
        DOE: Lithium ion battery goal is $60 per kwh
      • SMSL (Silicon Module Super Leage): Hanqha Q CELLS, Yingli Green, JA Solar, Canadian Solar, Jinko Solar, Trina Solar
      • Analysis of why energy transition is not limited by mining rare minerals
    • U.K. National Grid Status
      • French National Grid Status
    • Nuclear Energy
      • The World Nuclear Industry: Status Report 2021 (with detailed section on "The Vogtle Debacle": "Simply stated, it is to develop an unachievable plan, fail relatively quickly, and repeat the process to develop a new (and still unachievable) plan.")
      • The World Nuclear Industry: Status Report 2023
      • WNA Nuclear Database - under construction
        • Takeaways from the World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2021
        • Global Coal Plant Tracker
      • Physicist MV Ramana on the problem with nuclear power (book review)
      • NuScale Small Modular Reactor (SMR) (approved, but canceled after $200M invested)
        • Is advanced nuclear in trouble? What’s next after NuScale cancellation. (Nov., 2023)
        • Nuclear waste from small modular reactors (PNAS article)
        • Linglong-1 reactor (SMR) attracts global attention
      • Nuclear power plant retirements in U.S. (Sept., 2018, EIA Today in Energy)
      • Nuclear power plant distribution in US (April, 2017, EIA Today in Energy)
      • world’s largest nuclear plants differ by age (Feb., 2017, Nuclear power plant distribution in US)
    • Peak Oil Barrel
    • Carbon Brief ("Clear on Climate")
    • OPEC paper barrels (from Crude Oil Peak)
    • Green Car Congress (oil analysis, and clean, fuel-efficient vehicles)
    • The Fraud of Plastic Recycling (The Center for Climate Integrity, Feb., 2024)
    • NOAA Climate Services (climate.gov)
      • Fifth National Climate Assessment
      • Today's Climate Archive (Inside Climate News)
      • World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency (article from BioScience journal, Nov., 2019; 11,000 climate scientists signed on)
      • Amazon tipping point: Last chance for action (ScienceMag, 20 2019)
      • Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 (Nature, 10 December, 2019)
      • Large loss of CO2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region (Nature Climate Change, 21 Oct., 2019: Arctic is now a net emitter of CO₂)
      • State of the Climate (Global Analysis) (Note: can select specific month, annual, other climate reports)
      • Global Warming (excellent overview)
      • CSALT model (accurately models average global temperature as a function of CO2 concentration and a small number of of other parameters)
      • Revealed: Exxon made ‘breathtakingly’ accurate climate predictions in 1970s and 80s
        • https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0063
      • Cyclic fluctuations in the level of the Caspian Sea (shrinking for 100 years, and then rising since 1980)
        • Scientists Think They Know Why the Caspian Sea Is Shrinking (... and then sea level falling by 5 feet from 1996--2015; article written in 2017)
        • Long‐term Caspian Sea level change (Geophysical Research Letters)
      • Aral Sea (Wikipedia, shrinking by 90% of fourth largest lake in world)
      • Marclimate Graphs (excellent overview in graphs of historical statistics related to climate change)
      • Effects of climate change on North America in future
      • Telegraph temperature adjustment claims (excellent description of how raw global temperature data is adjusted; in reaction to Telegraph newspaper claims that the raw data was adjusted in order to show greater warming)
      • Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (physicists who went back to analyze surface temperatures independently of the climatologist study, and with funding by Novim Group, independent of the traditional climatology funding sources, headed by Richard Muller (formerly skeptical of global warming (MIT Technology Review))
        --- using raw historical data (non-homogenized, unedited), for five times as many weather stations as the Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly data set (GHCN-M) used by many climate studies. The newly developed mathematical algorithms work on the larger data sets because they have less need for uniform record length, nearly complete reference interfals, etc. They conclude a rise in temperature of 0.7 degrees Celsius since the mid-1950s, similar to that of GDCN-M.)
        • NACW 2013 Keynote Address of Richard Muller: How to Convert a Climate Skeptic
        • Congressional testimony of Richard Muller, 3/31/11
        • Papers (submitted) arising from study
        • Video of surface air temperatures from 1800 to present
        • How we know global warming is real (Attempts to recover temperature reocrds from even before 1850, and incorporate them in the Earth's temperatur record)
      • Understanding the Global Warming Forecast: Our Past and Future Climate (by Peter Demenocal, Columbia U., Nov. 1, 2005 -- one of the clearest talks on this subject ever)
      • Changing Planet (popular 5 minute videso from NBC on science of climate change)
      • "Can We Defuse The Global Warming Time Bomb?" (article by James Hansen, Scientific American, Feb., 2004)
      • The Montreal Protocol is delaying the occurrence of the first ice-free Arctic summer (PNAS, 2023)
      • BAMS Annual State of the Climate
      • NASA animations by keyword
        • Sea Ice (animations from NASA)
        • Weekly Arctic Sea Ice Age without Graph: 1984 - 2019
          • Arctic Sea Ice Age (climate.gov; latest map)
        • Annual Arctic sea ice minimum 1979-2018 with area graph
        • Annual Gradient Melt over Greenland 1978 through 2009
        • C13C-1320 - On the Possibility of a Long Subglacial River Under the North Greenland Ice Sheet (Dec., 2019; 1,000 mile-long subglacial river ending in the Petermann glacier)
        • Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2006
        • Jakobshavn Glacier Calving Front Recession from 1850 to 2009 (or alt) (ice stream contributes 0.002 inches/0.06 mm per year of sea level rise)
        • Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG project)
          • In Greenland, Another Major Glacier Comes Undone (JPL: Zachariae Isstrom glacier broke loose from stable position in 2012, and with potential to add 1.5 feet to ocean levels; part of one of three major glacier sectors in Greenland)
        • Larsen Ice Shelf collapse (NASA animation (or alt), with more information and still more information with a good map/diagram; Larsen A ice shelf collapsed in 1995, Larsen B (size of Rhode Island) in 2002; concerns about Larsen C (larger than Connecticut) for future)
        • Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Volumes 1979-2020 (visualization, youtube)
        • Older Arctic Sea Ice Disappearing
        • Arctic Report Card (NOAA, annual report)
      • seaice.de
        • Overview of Arctic story:
          • Trends in Carbon Dioxide (Mauna Loa CO₂, 1959 - present)
          • Climate TRACE (using satellites to assign CO2 emissions by country or by site)
          • A Graphical History of Atmospheric CO2 Levels Over Time (from 280ppm (pre-industrial times, attested by ice cores) to 417ppm in 2021; 50% rise over pre-industrial with 2ppm rise per year)
          • Arctic average temperatore anomaly (north of 60°) (1900-2017, Berkeley Earch)
          • Global Temperature Report for 2022 (1850-2022)
            • Comparison of global mean temperature with five other reputable analyses
            • Land and Ocean Temperatures (1850-2018)
            • Global Warming by Country & Region, 2018 (Arctic Ocean: +2.6°C)
          • Note: Summer temperatures over ice are always near freezing (any more, and the ice melts away; any less, and there is zero ice melt)
          • Arctic Sea Ice Extent (extent, like area, is easier to measure, but less meaningful than the volume of sea ice)
          • Ice & Snow Depth Thickness (NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory)
          • PIOMAS Arctic Sea Ice Volume, September trend (1979-present)
        • Polar Portal -- Sea Ice Thickness and Volume
        • Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis (NSIDC) Charctic Interactive Sea Ice Graph
        • Ice Sheets Today (NSIDC) (Greenland and Antarctica)
        • Surface Mass Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet
        • Antarctic Daily Image Update (record lows in 2022 and 2023)
        • Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration/Extent/Thickness (Zachary Labe)
        • PIOMAS Arctic Sea Ice Volume Reanalysis
          • Sea Ice Thickness and Volume (DMI Polar Portal; Arctic)
          • Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Volumes, 1979-2018 (30 second video)
          • PIOMAS - ArctischePinguin (fits of PIOMAS ice volume, including exponentially and geometrically decreasing fit)
          • Compactness (area/extent) from ArctischePinguin
        • Climage Model Projections compared to observations in the Arctic; Zachary Labe (e.g., see first graph: historic forcing of models from 1950-2005, followed by future predictions from 2006 onward, assuming extreme high emissions scenario)
        • CryoSat Operational Monitoring - Sea Ice Thickness (monthly sea ice thickness, except summer)
        • Zachary Labe Arctice Sea Ice Figures
          • Arctic Sea Ice Volume/Thickness
          • Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration/Extent/Thickness
        • Arctic surface melt indicators (and other indicators, such as sea ice concentration animation)
        • Global Cryosphere Watch (Cryosphere Now)
        • Daily AMSR2 sea ice maps (AMSR2, uni-bremen)
          • Daily AMSR2/uni-bremen sea ice maps (higher precision)
          • Daily AMSR2/uni-bremen sea ice maps (higher precision, day before)
          • Archive of sea ice concentration (3.125 km)
        • Arctic Sea Ice Forecasts (Physical Sciences Library, NOAA)
        • Sea ice extent during satellite era (from 1979 to present, click to expand)
        • Temperature Anomalies (Climate Reanalyzer) (click globe for different views)
          • Temperature Anomalies (click on "Hourly Forecast Maps", and choose drop-down menus for GFS|Global 10-day/Arctic/Temperature at 2 meters, or GFS|Global 10-day/Arctic/Temperature 2m Anomaly, and slide the Image Slider)
          • or this hi-res arctic view
        • Arctic mean temperatures (1958-present) (Centre for Ocean and Ice, Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut)
        • Freezing degree days (CryosphereComputing)
        • Temperatures in the Arctic (daily, DMI: Center for Ocean og Is, "Ocean and Ice")
        • Monthly Reanalysis Time Series (Change to Variable:850hpa, Month:Jun, Region:Arctic, Plot: A good predictor of Arctic sea ice loss for season)
        • Atmospheric pressure in the Arctic (highs and lows) (daily, DMI: Center for Ocean og Is, "Ocean and Ice")
        • Arctic Ocean sea floor map
        • Arctic Ocean sea floor map (another view of the bathymetry)
        • Arctic Ocean floor (very detailed)
        • Dominating Arctic Ocean currents
        • Windyty, wind map & forecast
        • Jet Stream Position and Forecast and alt (Atlantic)
        • Sea ice temperatures (daily, DMI Sea Ice Portal)
          • Sea ice extent and thickness (w/ history) (click on "Thickness and volume" tab)
          • DMI/COI SST (Sea Surface Temperature)
        • Arctic temperatures - Zachary Labe
        • Arctic weather forecast (based on ECMWF, Meteociel.fr)
        • Arctic weather forecast (based on ECMWF, new version) (or here)
        • Arctic weather forecast (based on ECMWF, old version; choose "N. Hem.", 500hPa, hours from present: T=low, H=high)
        • Polar Met. Arctic forecast (Temp/Wind/MSLP, BPRC/OSU)
        • Surface Temperatures Anomaly (animation)
        • Polar Portal (Greenland and Arctic Sea Ice)
        • Rutgers Global Snow Lab (daily and monthly maps, with anomalies; try: "Daily" -> "Chart Departure")
          • Evidence of human influence on Northern Hemisphere snow loss (esp., see Figure 3 and 4)
        • Energy balance of Earth (Encyclopedia of Earth) (with insolation chart)
        • Climate and Earth's Energy Budget (NASA site, excellent!)
        • Arctic Mosaic (LANCE-MODIS) (satellite picture of Arctic ice, prev/next button shows different days; click on "MODIS Mosaics")
          • MODIS Composites from previous week (or go directly to MODIS Mosaics page, search for "MODIS Composites", choose jpeg, false colour, right-click for "view image", and click again for full size)
          • EOSDIS Worldview (NASA) (set for Arctic, continuous zoom; based on Worldview 2 with 46 cm resolution; or customized EOSDIS Worldview)
            • Worldview 3 (permission given by US Dept. of Commerce for 25 cm panchromatic satellite images; sample images on view)
          • Polar View (multiple sources of satellite imagery for greater detail; can add AMSR2 sea ice in background for context)
            • Polar View Arctic sea ice browser (select "Start using the map", select a rectangle of interest, and click on download link (reduced or full resolution)
            • Lincoln Sea of Greenland (from ESA Sentinel-1, with other Polar View regions, too, from Polar View Copernicus program)
          • arctic.io (check out Home/Zooms for continuous zoom of arctic ice)
          • Zoomed images
        • Copernicus Open Access Hub (Sign up, then choose color product of Sentinel-2a and Sentinel-2b0
        • Dossier Modèles Numériques (How to read weather maps, French)
        • Global HYCOM+CICE 1/12 degree page (Naval Research Laboratory)
        • Arctic: Global HYCOM (Naval Research Laboratory,
          • Arctic Ice Thickness (30-day animation)
          • Sea Surface Temperature (30 day animation)
          • Arctic ice speed and drift
        • Visualization Service of Horizontal scale Observations at Polar region: (JAXA, choose "Image Select" for different features)
        • Sea ice (from MET in Norway; with Concentration of Arctic ice (daily), and Edge of Arctic ice (daily) and Sea Ice Type (multi-year ice, daily))
          • Arctic Sea Ice Age, 1990 - 2016
          • Ice chart
        • How does Arctic sea ice form and decay - Wadhams
        • Arctic Sea Ice Charts from Danish Meteorological Institute, 1893-1956
        • Historical ice maps from about 1900 (English and Icelandic, try Aug)
        • Sea Ice Atlas (1850 - present, near Alaska)
        • Historic Variation in Arctic Ice (author seems to feel that current summer melting of Arctic is not unusual by historic standards, but nevertheless a fascinating history of Arctic ice observations from about 1800 - 1900)
      • Phys.org - sea ice
      • Trends in Carbon Dioxide (Mauna Loa, 1959 - present)
      • Trends in Carbon Dioxide for last 800,000 years (NASA)
      • National Wave Service: WaveWatch
    • Sea ice blogs, talks, and general background
      • Arctic Sea Ice Blog
      • Climate Central
      • Open Mind (blog on global warming by "tamino")
        • Correcting for More than Just El Niño (excellent! removing noise from the trends)
      • RealClimate (blog by climate scientists)
      • Skeptical Science (Examination of climate change skepticism arguments)
        • ENSO Temperatures through 2019 (or alt)
        • ENSO Temperature Trends (factoring out El Niño years and volcanic years provides almost linear temperature trend; also see here)
      • How fast are the oceans warming? (Science Magazine; Jan., 2019; acceleration measured by latest observational records; the 2013 int. assessment report (AR5) had disagreement between model and earlier observations; observations were too low; three new observational studies in 2017 and 2018 using the Argo network now have much closer agreement to each other and to the model)
      • Antarctica losing six times more ice mass annually now than 40 years ago (phys.org news, Jan., 2019)
        • Scientists link climate change to melting in West Antarctica (pys.org news; Aug., 2014)
      • C34A-07 - Collapse of Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf by intersecting fractures. (Invited) (Thwaites ice shelf, the size of Florida, could collapse in 5 years)
        • International Thwaites Glacier Collaboratoin: What is happening at Thwaites Glacier? (Oct., 2021)
      • Greenland ice melt at "tipping point" (Proc. Nat. Academy Sciences, Jan., 2019: "Accelerating changes in ice mass within Greenland")
      • The Great White Con: Putting the Arctic sea ice record straight (combating misinformation by some newspapers, often with a touch of humor)
      • RealClimateScience (global warming deniers: very funny stuff (like reading supermarket tabloids: "baby born with two heads"), and we now have record cold temperatures that have been falling ever since the 1930s)
      • Watts Up With That (climate denier blog, often emphasizing politics over science; including things like History Confirms Democrat's 1988 Senate Global Warming Hearing Got Everything Wrong from Start to Finish; April, 2021)
      • James Balog: Time-lapse proof of extreme ice loss (TED Talk, youtube)
      • Glacier Change: From a Glacier's Perspective
      • Debunking Climate Skeptics: Chuck Kutscher, Ph.D. (workshop given for Colorado State Legislature)
      • How does Arctic sea ice form and decay
      • Limits of Arctic Ice from 1893 onward (Icelandic Meteorological Office)
      • Major Icebreakers of the World (including 5 Russian, nuclear LNG tankers, can break through 2~meters of ice with little speed reduction; 5 more planned/under construction as of May, 2017)
      • Historic Variation in Arctic Ice (author seems to feel that current summer melting of Arctic is not unusual by historic standards, but nevertheless a fascinating history of Arctic ice observations from about 1800 - 1900)
    • General climate drivers
      • Global ocean heat and salt content (NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center)
      • Arctic Oscillation Index (National Weather Service, Climate Prediction Center)
      • Multivariate ENSO Index (ENSO = "El Niño/Southern Oscillation": positive = El Niño)
      • Sunspot index graphs (from SIDC)
      • Animation of North America Jet Stream
      • Meltfactor.org
      • US Drought Monitor
    • Arctic Map (zoomable and detailed)
    • Arctic Ice Thickness (Ice Volume --- long-term, arctic ice volume will be more important than ice extent or ice area)
      • BBC News on Cryosat (June, 2011; sea-ice thickness map)
      • Measurement of sea ice thickness (Wikipedia)
      • CryoSat-2 (satellite of European Space Agency, altimeter measures land and sea ice thickness)
        • Ice Thickness map of Arctic (June, 2011)
      • ICESat (wikipedia, NASA satellite for measuring ice sheets)
        • ICESat-2 (planned successor satellite by NASA, to launch in 2016)
        • NASA measurements (older)
      • Polar Science Center: Arctic Sea Ice Volume Anomaly, version 2.1 (PIOMAS model for estimating sea ice volume based on numerical modelling with observations from satellites, Navy submarines, moorings, and field measurements as input: In 2010, the September volume (min. volume) was approximately 1/3 of the corresponding mean volume for the same month over the years 1979-2010.)
        • PIOMAS seasonal predictions for ice thickness
      • DMI Polar Portal (sea ice volume) (Click on "in English", and then "Thickness and volume" tab, and then on "Large version of graph"; gray area around the mean is one standard deviation over the years 2004-2013)
      • Ice Graphs (from The Great White Con)
    • Lake Mead Water Levels (effect of drought) (or alt)
    • Lake Powell Water Levels (effect of drought)
    • Competition between Airbus and Boeing (Wikipedia)
      • Fuel economy of Airbus A380neo vs. Boeing
    • Pew Center for Climate Change
    • The Heat is Online (news on global warming)
    • United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
    • Fifth National Climate Assessment (impact on society: economy, water, forests, coast, air quality, etc.)
    • Arctic Report Card (yearly assessment of Arctic)
    • Interactive map: warmest month of future cities in 2050 (Crowther Lab, based on IPCC optimistic scenario RCP4.5, 1.4° Celsius increase in global tempoerature) (or interactive map)
    • Find a Car (car mileage and global warming, by car model)
      • Kelley Blue Book Best Hybrid Cars
    • GAP (Government Accountability Project) from whistleblower.org
  • OECD (also here) (Org. for Economic Cooperation and Dev.)
  • World Bank data
  • International Federation of Robotics, PRess Releases (International Federation of Robotics)
    • Executive Summary World Robotics 2023 Industrial Robots
    • Executive Summary World Robotics 2023 - Service Robots
  • MIT Living Wage Calculator
  • FRED - Economic Research
  • Unemployed and Discouraged Workers - FRED
  • Daily Treasury Yield Curve Rates
    • The Yield Curve as a Leading Indicator (probability of having a recession one year later)
  • Since Parkland (student reporters report on over a 1,000 fatal shootings of children that occurred in the year after Parkland, because most such shootings aren't normally reported in newspapers: working with The Trace, Miami Herald, and McClatchy)
  • Is Automation Labor-Displacing? (statistical evidence that automation no longer creates new jobs; March, 2018)
  • (also see Latin America)
    • World Bank statistics
  • IMF (Int. Monetary Fund)
• UT Latin American Network Information Center
  • Latin American Economic and Social Indicators (USAID)
  • IADB (Inter-American Dev. Bank)
  • Basic Socio-Economic Data for Latin America and the Caribbean
• Countries
  • Canada
    • Quebec
      • Bonjour Québec accommodations (official tourism site)
      • Bed and breakfast, Montréal
      • Bed and breakfasts, Montréal (from toutmontreal.com)
      • Phone calls between Canada and U.S. - use Google Voice w/ forwarding from American incoming phone to a Canadian phone, etc.
      • Transfer Money Online | Send Money Abroad with "Wise"
      • Auberge Montréal (residences at UQAM starting at $45) (Auberge Festivals Montréal, (starting at CA$46 or CA$56, no hotel tax))
      • McGill summer residences ( Bishop Mountain Hall, starting at CA$45/night)
      • Solo Mobile pay-as-you-go cell phone
    • Tourism Montreal
      • Montreal Festivals
      • Montreal official portal (français)
  • Latin America
    • HITN TV (public TV in the United States, in spanish)
    • TeleSur (TV supported by governments of Venezuela, Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay)
    • Latin Trade (magazine)
    • El Herald
  • China: People's Daily Online
    • The New China Playbook: Beyond Socialism and Capitalism (a history of the economic environment in China)
    • Map of provinces of China, with capital cities
    • news.163.com (Chinese news page; Right-click and Google translate in Chrome browser)
    • The Heat (from CGTN; half-hour in-depth news program from a Chinese perspective, on a new topic each week)
    • Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS -- backed by People's Bank of China in 2015; Analog of SWIFT)
    • PBS NewsHour Presents China: Power and Prosperity (or alt; July, 2020; balanced documentary on China's future)
    • Mapping China's middle class (75 percent of urban consumers will be middle class by 2022)
    • China's Future Megaprojects (2016-2050)
    • Beijing Air Quality Monitor (particles < 2.5 micron, U.S. Embassy Monitor in Beijing)
      • For comparison, EPA Peak 2.5 micron level in U.S. (with color chart explanations here and here)
  • Cuba
    • Granma
    • Granma Internacional
    • Sylvio Rodriguez - Trobador (or alt - Wikipedia)
  • France
    • Combien de bises ?
    • Établissement public à caractère scientifique et technologique
    • The Paris Pages
      • Transilien (suburban trains) schedules (or alt)
      • paris.fr
      • Museums
      • Museums of Paris
      • Reasonabl lease of 21 days or more of new car
      • Mémorial de la Shoah
      • Musée National du Moyen-Age Thermes de Cluny
      • Musée Carnavalet - Histoire de Paris or alt
      • Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie
      • Magasin de DVD -- Rue Sainte-Antoine à l'ouest de l'église Saint-Paul.
      • " Kiosque Place de la Madeleine, Paris 2me; Kiosque Gare Montparnasse, Paris 14me; Et Le dernier n : Kiosque Place des Ternes, Paris 17me Horaires : mardi - samedi de 12h30 20h et dimanche de 12h30 16h"
      • Paris Airport Shuttle
    • Toulouse
      • Hébergement temporaire, LAAS CNRS
    • Office de Tourisme de Montpellier
    • montpellier.fr - site de la Mairie de Montpellier
    • Le Guide Montpellier
    • Tourisme
    • Kamini - Marly-Gomont
      • Kamini (mix sur youtube)
  • Germany (Yahoo)
    • German weather
    • Stadtplandienst (city maps)
    • Berlin
    • Internationale Stadt Berlin
    • Bonn
    • Essen
    • Hamburg
  • Iraq
    • Informed Comment Blog on Iraq with excellent background to current stories
    • Informed Comment: Global Affairs
    • Iraq Coalition Casualties (especially useful, now that major news outlets tend not to report this)
    • Iraq Body Count (documented casualties with names; )
    • Opinion Research Business survey (22% of respondents lost one family member or more living under their roof due to the war)
    • Sworn statements by Abu Ghraib detainees
    • Juan Cole's Informed Comment (Blog of news and analysis about Iraq)
    • and civilians killed in Iraq
  • Israel - Tourist Information Israel
  • Ha'aretz - English (excellent, more progressive perspective than American newspapers)
  • Jerusalem Post (Israel)
  • Letter of Albert Einstein, Dec. 4, 1948, on the visit of Mehachen Begin to the United States
    • How many Palestinians actually live in the West Bank?
  • Israel-Gaza 2023-2024 war (live tracker, Al Jazeera)
    • Children and others reported killed as of UN relief agency Flash Update 66 of Dec. 11, 2023 (unless otherwise noted):
      • Gaza Strip children killed: "According to the Government Media Office, as of 18:00 on 23 November, more than 14,800 people have been killed in Gaza, including about 6,000 children and 4,000 women." ("The Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza stopped doing so on 11 November, following the collapse of services and communications at hospitals in the north.")
      • West Bank children killed: "Between 7 October and 27 November, 231 Palestinians, including 59 children were killed in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem." *UNOCHA Flash Update #76, 22 December, 2023)
      • Israeli children killed:
      • Over 1,200 Israelis and foreign nationals have been killed in Israel, including 36 children ... the vast majority on 7 October (UNOCHA Flash Update #66, Dec. 11, 2023)
        • Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths (France 24: more precise numbers based on Israeli soc. sec. records: 695 Israeli civilians killed, 71 foreigners, and 375 security forces (3 days of heavvy fighting); Israeli civilians break down into: 36 children (10 dead by rockets))
        • As Nov. 14, 36 Israeli children killed, including 5 Muslim children killed by rocket attack (no Iron Dome protection for Bedouin villages)
        • Mila Cohen (the Israeli baby that was shot by Hamas through the door of the safe room, and killed)
        • "Authorities name 351 soldiers, 59 police officers killed in Gaza war" (Oct. 8, 2023)
          • Israeli officials say 1,139 were killed in the Hamas-led October 7 attacks in southern Israel, among them 695 Israeli civilians including 36 children."
          • (Dec. 15, AFP News agency compilation from Israeli social security, reported by trtworld.com: "695 Israeli civilians, including 36 children, as well as 373 security forces and 71 foreigners, giving a total of 1,139")
          • Crisis in Gaza: Scenario-Based Health Impact Projections (6 months at status quo: Feb. 7 - Aug. 6: 66,720 mean deaths, with 95% uncertainty interval: 48,210 to 193,180)
        • Israel's Dead: The Names of Those Killed in Hamas Attacks, Massacres and the Israel-Hamas War (about 950 names associated w/ Oct. 7; music festival, civilians, and soldiers; requires free e-mail Haaretz sign-up)
        • 729 names of Israeli civilians killed in Hamas attack (AOAV; as of Nov. 3, 2023)
        • UPDATED LIST: They were taken by Hamas; here are the names and faces (Israel Hayom: Mar. 32, 2024)
        • "and 3,400 others have been injured in Israel in connection with the Hamas attack" (ABC News, Oct. 17) "At least 4,834 people were injured on October 7. Dozens of them are still hospitalized." (Times of Israel, Nov. 7)
        • Names of Palestinian dead, 7--26 Oct., 2023; Palestinian Ministry of Health (2913 children and 4115 adults; 3,129 females and 3,899 males; 212 pages, but volume 2 is missing)
      • Israel revises death count from Oct. 7 Hamas onslaght, dropping it from 1,400 to 1,200 Nov. 10, 2023 ("Haiat declines to elaborate on the record what led to the updated figure, but Hebrew media reporting on the lowered number from recent days attributed it to burned bodies being misidentified as those of Israeli civilians, rather than Palestinian terrorists."; and Israel revises death toll from Oct. 7 Hamas assault, dropping it from 1,400 to 1,200; and dropping to 1,147 on Dec. 3)
      • Other reports of Israeli helicopters counter-attacking starting in the first hour after the fence was broken through: "Save us": The Apache pilots who arrived first on the battlefield speak; Hamas deception of IDF helicopters directing pilots on WhatsApp | Air Force on the 1st
        • Israel-Palestine war: Why is the media ignoring evidence of Israel’s own actions on 7 October? (Dec. 15, 2023) (opinion piece comparing Israeli and Hamas narrative of Oct. 7)
        • (Hamas 2017 charter, with the phrase "from the river to the sea": Paragraph 20; from the site of the "Federation of American Scientists")
      • Gaza (by Al Jazeera's Investigative Unit, Oct., 2024; video of 1:20')
      • IPC/Gaza: Oct., 2024; and Projection for Nov., 2024-Apr., 2025 (with Special Snapshot: Sept., 20240Apr., 2025)
      • "over 15 percent (378,000 people) were in Catastrophe[/Famine] (IPC Phase 5)" (as of Dec. 8, 2023; from Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC); Famine definition: "the absolute inaccessibility of food to an entire population or sub-group of a population, potentially causing death in the short term")
        • Gaza Strip: Famine Review of the IPC Analysis (Dec. 21, 2023; pdf report: "At least one in four households (more than half a million people) in the Gaza Strip are facing catastrophic acute food insecurity conditions (IPC Phase 5 – Catastrophe)")
        • FACT SHEET: The IPC Famine Factsheet (IPC) (Factsheet from Dec., 2023: "Deaths of two people or four children for every 10,000 each day due to outright starvation or to the interaction of malnutrition and disease.")
        • IPC Global Initiative - Special Brief (IPC Special Brief from Mar. 18, 2024: Formal definition of famine to occur anytime between mid-March and May 2024.")
        • Policy paper: Israel’s policy of starvation in Gaza will have long-term effects, is causing famine (A formal famine declaration requires stakeholders to declare it, and so it may never happen.)
        • UN Food Agency pauses [food] deliveries to North of Gaza (Feb. 20, 2024: "... surrounded by crowds of hungry people. Several trucks were looted between Khan Younes and Deir al Balah and a truck driver was beaten.")
        • Gaza Strip: IPC Acute Food Insecurity Special Snapshot (1 May – 30 September 2024) (June 25, 2024) (or the pdf file)
      • FOOD SECURITY UPDATE For Internally Displaced Populations in Southern Gaza Strip (WFP: World Food Programme)
        • Gaza on the brink as one in four people face extreme hunger (20 December, 2023)
        • "Palestinian civilians on their daily fight for survival" (Abeer Barakat: ordinary life in Gaza as seen by a mother of four and English teacher: Minute 8 to minute 23)
        • B'Tselem report from Israel: Welcome to Hell: The Israeli Prison System as a Network of Torture Camps (with pdf)
      • The IDF publishes a list of block numbers to guide Gaza residents in evacuating the targeted areas (Dec. 1, 2023; from IDF military web site)
      • `A mass assassination factory': Inside Israel's calculated bombing of Gaza (by Yuval Abraham; Mov. 30, 2023) ("Sources who spoke to '+972 and Local Call' [said] the targets in Gaza ... by Israeli aircraft can be divided roughly into four categories: [ (i) tactical targets (armed militant cells, weapon warehouses, launch pits, observation posts, and so on); (ii) underground targets (mainly tunnels that Hamas has dug under Gaza's neighborhoods, including under civilian homes); (iii) power targets (high-rises and residential towers in the heart of cities, and public buildings such as universities, banks, and government offices; three intelligence source who were involved in planning or conducting strikes on power targets in the past, is that a deliberate attack on Palestinian society will exert 'civil pressure' on Hamas); and (iv) family homes or operatives' homes (to destroy private residences in order to assassinate a single resident suspected of being a Hamas or Islamic Jihad operative; Palestinian testimonies assert that some of the families that were killed did not include any operatives from these organizations) ]")
        • A Gazan worked in Israeli kibbutzim for decades. Then came Oct. 7 (One of Gazan farm workers killed on Oct. 7: Hashim al-Birawi)
        • Israeli prisons for Palestinians
        • Local Call (published jointly by Just Vision and +972; but this sister site is Hebrew; use a Google Translate plugin)
      • BBC HardTalk interview of former prime minister Bennett defending Israeli position on Gaza War
      • Defense for Children International - Palestine, et al. v. Biden et al. "... duty to prevent ... the unfolding genocide of Palestinian people in Gaza")
        • Bosnian genocide (Wikipedia) (estimated 25,000 - 33,000 deaths, and about 10,500 missing)
      • Coutercurrents.org: Palestine
      • Congressional Dissent Channel (anonymous channel for junior staff in Congress (the onew who actually read the constituent messages); from the Mission Statement: " dedicated to changing the paradigm of U.S. support for the genocide against Palestinians in Gaza")
    • West Bank settlements
      • New Yorker Radio Hour: Aug. 2, 2024 (two books: by Nathan Thrall, American former director of Arab-Israeli Project; and by Raja Shehadeh, Ramallah peace activist, author and lawyer)
      • West Bank Settlements; Israel Policy Forum (from viewpoint of American Jewish community; advocating for two-state solution; e.g,. "Settlements deep in the West Bank in areas slated for evacuation do not pose a demographic threat.")
      • Quick Facts: Israel's West Bank Settlement Enterprise; Institute for Middle East Understanding (from viewpoint of Palestinians and Palestinian-Americans; e.g., "More than 1,000: Miles of roads and highways that Israel has built for the use of settlers")
      • Knesset votes overwhelmingly against Palestinian statehood, days before PM’s US trip ("The Knesset of Israel firmly opposes the establishment of a Palestinian state west of Jordan. The establishment of a Palestinian state in the heart of the Land of Israel will pose an existential danger to the State of Israel and its citizens, perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and destabilize the region,” -- passed 68 to 9, against two-state solution)
      • A Land for All (proposal for confederation: one citizenship, two regions of residency)
    • B'Tselem (Israeli) report: Conquer and Divide (a history of West Bank lands from 1967 to 2015) (including a detailed interactive map of West Bank and various land partitions)
    • Arab Labor - Season 1
    • Christians United for Israel | Our Mission ("As the largest pro-Israel organization in the United States, with over 10 million members, Christians United for Israel (CUFI) is ...")
      • 'Til Kingdon Come (2020 documentary)
    • Israel --- issues of democracy, state, and religion
      • Rosa Luxemburg Office
      • Yeshayahu Liebowitz (influential thinker in 20th century Israel --- arguing for separation of state and religion)
      • Tikun Olam (blog "promoting Israeli democracy" from a left-wing perspective; by Richard Silverstein)
      • Max Blumenthal (blog at Alternet)
      • Yesh Din (Volunteers for Human Rights)
      • Gideon Levy - Israel News (Haaretz: largest English newspaper in Israel) (older articles are free to view)
      • ("Jewish Voice for Peace is the largest progressive Jewish anti-Zionist organization in the world.")
        • Bisected by a Jews-only Road, a Palestinian Neighborhood in Hebron Is Dying (mostly non-Jews living on either side of the road, but it's illegal for them to cross the Jews-only Road)
      • The Forward (since 1897)
      • Jewish Voice for Peace
      • Union Juive Française pour la Paix (UJFP)
        • La Politique Criminelle d'Israël en Palestine Nuit aussi aux Juifs ! - Michèle Sibony
      • Sara Roy (expert on Gaza, at Harvard University)
      • Arabs outnumber Jews in Israel, Occupied Territories: Official (Al Jazeera)
      • Live from Occupied Palestine (many moving pictures)
      • 70+ Israel/Palestine Films Available for Borrowing for Free (JVP Boston: Jewish Voice For Peace)
      • Checkpoint (documentary in cinéma vérité, 2003, directed by Yoav Shamir, Eden Productions; Best Int'l documentary: Int'l Documentary Filmfestival Amsterdam, and others)
      • Israel movement that dare not speak its name (Gideon Levy)
      • One state, two states, whatever: Israel, the Palestinians and the conflict (Haaretz)
      • 1-State or 2-State solution? (New York Times)
      • Adalah (legal center for Arab minority rights)
      • Abraham Initiatives ("strives to fulfill the promise of full and equal citizenship and complete equality of social and political rights for Israel’s Jewish and Arab citizens, as embodied in Israel's Declaration of Independence")
      • Israel among the nations: a study of the Jews and antisemitism (from Les juifs et l'antisémitisme: Israël chez les nations)
      • Antisemitism in the United States: Henry Ford Invents a Jewish Conspiracy
      • What is antisemitism? (IHRA)
      • The Jerusalem Declaration On Antisemitism
    • Annotated Links (peace oriented)
    • Seruv (or alt)
    • Tikkun
    • Breaking the Silence (organization of Israeli soldier veterans, with Tours- Hebron, soldiers' testimonies and video testimonies)
    • United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (led by Justice Richard Goldstone, for UN Human Rights Commission, Sept. 15, 2009; including issues of international laws)
    • BBC article on items allowed and not allowed into Gaza Strip (The Israeli government argues in their courts that they cannot disclose what is allowed into Gaza because it would "damage national security and harm foreign relations". - 5/3/10, BBC, quote from Israeli government; As of May, 2010, it included "jam, chocolate, wood for furniture, fruit juice, textiles, and plastic toys.")
    • Mideast Web
    • Anne Frank home page
    • Association of Holocaust Organizations
    • Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation (founded by Steven Spielberg)
    • Nizkor Home Page (Holocaust documentation)
    • #lastseen image Atlas
    • holocaust.juden-in-europa.de
    • Antisemitic Legislation 1933-39 (Holocaust encyclopedia)
      • Aristides de Sousa Mendes (a hero who was a Portuguese consul in France, and saved tens of thousands of lives)
      • Chiuna Sugihara (a hero who was a Japanse consul in Lithuania, and saved thousands of lives)
    • The Crusades (1095 - 1291) (Jewish Virtual Library)
    • Simon Wiesenthal Center
    • This Week in Palestine
    • Breaking the Silence
      • Tours- Hebron
    • B'Tselem (The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories: including Restrictions on Movement; and an analysis of the current laws as compared to Apartheid.)
    • < Adalah: The Legal Center for Aarba Humanity Rights in Israel ( Adalah spotlights top five 2016 human rights concerns for Palestinian citizens of Israel)
    • Israel: Discriminatory Land Policies Hem in Palestinians (Human Rights Watch, 2020)
    • Yesh Din ("Volunteers for Human Rights", Israeli non-profit)
    • HEB2, Experimental Internet Broadcasting out of H2 Hebron (collaboration of Israeli and Palestinian activists)
    • Palestinian web site links (Birzeit University) (also try this and Palestine Remembered)
    • Center for Policy Analysis on Palestine (including Palestinians in Israel)
    • Trump and Congress: Living Israel to Death
  • Japan Window
  • Russia (Window-to-Russia Home Page)
    • Tchaikovsky - Pique Dame (Paris National Opera, 2005)
      • libretto (Russian) and libretto (English)
  • Si, Spain (from Spanish foreign affairs ministry)
    • Europe Online -- Spain
    • Spain
  • United Kingdom
    • Virtual London
    • Al Jazeera's Labour Files (largest leak of documents in British political history; senior officials in one of the two parties of government in the UK ran a coup by stealth against the elected leader of the party)
• History
  • Geo History (youtube: history in maps) (or Histoire Géo in french)
  • History of Russia (youtube playlist with maps)
  • World War II - Summary on a Map
  • Pre-Columbian history
  • The American Genocide of the Indians—Historical Facts and Real Evidence (by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Mar. 2, 2022)