►Assignment 3: Playing with Cards, Part 2:   The Controller
Assignment 3: Playing with Cards, Part 2:   The Controller
1 Purpose
2 Preliminaries:   Improving your view
3 The Controller interface
4 Examplar
5 The Controller implementation
6 Testing
7 What to submit
8 Grading standards
8.10

Assignment 3: Playing with Cards, Part 2: The Controller

Due dates:

Starter files: code.zip

1 Purpose

The goal of this assignment is to practice writing a controller. While the model in a program represents the game state, the controller “runs” the program, effectively facilitating it through a sequence of operations. This assignment mimics the style of the previous assignment, in that you are provided an interface that you must implement and adequately test. The class you implement will act as the controller and work with the model that you created in the previous assignment. This controller will “run” a game of Klondike, asking for input and outputting the game state. Since the game will still be text-based and the input/output will be limited to the console and keyboard, the notion of a “view” will be minimal in this assignment.

There will be three submissions for this assignment:

The same late-day policy as on the previous homework applies: each of these three submissions independently may use up to one late day, and you are still able to submit your self-evaluation on time even if you submit your implementation late.

You are expected to use your code from the previous assignment as the starting point for this assignment. However, please ensure all of your new code is in the cs3500.klondike.controller package. Additionally, your code from the previous assignment should remain in the cs3500.klondike.model.hw02 and cs3500.klondike.view packages.

2 Preliminaries: Improving your view

In the previous assignment, you implemented a KlondikeTextualView class, such that its toString method provided the desired output. This was not ideal design, but it was convenient at the time. For this assignment, you will refine that view to be slightly more flexible. Enhance your class such that it now implements the following interface, which should replace the one given in the previous assignment:

public interface TextualView {
  /**
   * Renders a model in some manner (e.g. as text, or as graphics, etc.).
   * @throws IOException if the rendering fails for some reason
   */
  void render() throws IOException;
}

This view interface is tiny, but it abstracts away the idea that views are intrinsically String-based.

You should then add a second constructor to your KlondikeTextualView class, that takes in both a model and an Appendable (see below), and implement render such that it appends the current textual output to that Appendable. You should preserve your toString method, since it is useful, but you should also implement this render method — it should be very short!

3 The Controller interface

The interface for the Klondike controller must support the following functionality (as an interface KlondikeController that you should place in the cs3500.klondike.controller package):

  1. A method void playGame(KlondikeModel model, List<Card> deck, boolean shuffle, int numRows, int numDraw). This method should play a new game of Klondike using the provided model, using the startGame method on the model. It should throw an IllegalArgumentException if the provided model is null. It should throw an IllegalStateException only if the controller is unable to successfully receive input or transmit output, or if the game cannot be started. The nature of input/output will be an implementation detail (see below).

Before you implement your controller (see The Controller implementation below), you should first work through examples for it.

4 Examplar

In order for you to build examples for the controller, you should implement a class ExamplarControllerTests in the cs3500.klondike package, analogous to how you implemented one in the model package last time.

Again, your test methods should either have descriptive names or descriptive Javadoc comments explaining the intent of the scenario in your example, and what it’s trying to confirm.

Hints:

As with part 1 of this project, we will reopen Examplar after the due-date, for experimentation purposes only. The experimentation-only “assignment” will only appear after the actual Examplar submissions are due, to prevent confusion in submitting to the wrong assignment.

A suggestion about workload management: You should spend a reasonable amount of effort trying to test your controller. If you find yourself getting stuck, switch gears and start working on the implementation, and maybe new testing ideas will occur to you as you work through that implementation. For your own learning, keep notes of which ideas occurred to you before implementing anything, vs which ideas only occured as a result of trying to implement the controller: is there a pattern of “things you only noticed later” that you might try to deliberately look for sooner, on future projects?

5 The Controller implementation

Design a class KlondikeTextualController that implements the KlondikeController interface above (also in the cs3500.klondike.controller package). You will need to:

  1. Think about which additional fields and types it needs to implement the promised functionality.

  2. Design a constructor KlondikeTextualController(Readable rd, Appendable ap) throws IllegalArgumentException. Recall from Lecture 8: Controllers and Mock Objects that Readable and Appendable are two existing interfaces in Java that abstract input and output respectively. The constructor should throw the IllegalArgumentException if and only if either of its arguments are null. Your controller should accept and store these objects for doing input and output. Any input coming from the user will be received via the Readable object, and any output sent to the user should be written to the Appendable object by way of a KlondikeTextualView. Hint: Look at the Readable and Appendable interfaces to see how to read from and write to them. Ultimately you must figure out a way to transmit a String to an Appendable and read suitable data from a Readable object. The Scanner class will likely be useful, as will the lecture notes on controllers.

  3. The void playGame(KlondikeModel<Card> model, List<Card> deck, boolean shuffle, int numRows, int numDraw) method should play a game. It should “run” the game in the following sequence until the game is over. Note: Each transmission described below should end with a newline.

    1. Transmit game state to the Appendable object exactly as the view of the model provides it.

    2. Transmit "Score: N", replacing N with the actual score.

    3. If the game is ongoing (i.e. there is more user input and the user hasn’t quit yet), obtain the next user input from the Readable object. A user input consists of a “move” specified by a move type followed by a sequence of values (separated by any type of whitespace):

      • mpp followed by three natural numbers. The first is the index of the cascade pile to move cards from; the next is the count of how many cards to move; and the last is the index of the cascade pile to move cards to. For example, an input of mpp 4 2 5 should cause the controller to call the movePile method on your model with appropriate inputs to move two cards (see note below).

      • md followed by a natural number. For example, md 4 should cause your controller to call the moveDraw method on your model to move the topmost draw to the desired cascade pile.

      • mpf followed by two natural numbers. The first is the index of the cascade pile to move a card from, while the second number is the index of the foundation pile to move the card to. For example, mpf 6 3 should cause your controller to call the moveToFoundation method with appropriate inputs.

      • mdf followed by a natural number. For example, mdf 2 should cause your controller to call the moveDrawToFoundation method to move the topmost draw card to the desired foundation pile.

      • dd should cause the controller to call the discardDraw method on your model to discard the topmost draw card.

    4. If the game is over, the method should transmit the final game state one last time, and one last message (which will either be the message "You win!" or the message "Game over. Score: N", depending on the outcome of the game). The method should then end.

Key points:

  • User input numbering: To make the inputs more user-friendly, all indices in the user provided input begin from 1. This will affect the inputs that your controller passes along to your model.

  • Quitting: If at any point, the next value is either the letter 'q' or the letter 'Q', the controller should transmit the following in order: the message "Game quit!", the message "State of game when quit:", the current game state, and the message "Score: N" with N replaced by the final score. The method should then end. For example: 

    Game quit!
State of game when quit:
Draw: 3♢, 2♢, 8♡
Foundation: <none>, <none>, <none>, <none>
 2♠  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?
    6♣  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?
       A♢  ?  ?  ?  ?
          K♣  ?  ?  ?
             7♠  ?  ?
                7♣  ?
                   5♡
Score: 0

  • Bad inputs: If any individual value is unexpected (i.e. something other than 'q', 'Q' or a number) it should ask the user to re-enter that value again. For example, if the user is trying to move a card from one cascade pile to another, and has entered the source pile number correctly, but entered the number of cards to move incorrectly, the controller should continue attempting to read a value for the number of cards to move before moving on to read the value for the destination pile. You should behave similarly for the other commands. Once all the numbers are successfully read, if the model indicates the move is invalid, the controller should transmit a message to the Appendable object saying "Invalid move. Play again. X" where X is any informative message about why the move was invalid (all on one line), and resume waiting for valid input. Hint: You should probably design a helper method to retry reading inputs until you get a number or a 'q'/'Q'. Using that helper consistently will make it much easier to implement the desired retrying behavior described here. That helper probably should not be responsible for determining if a number is a valid coordinate — that’s the model’s job — but that helper does need to return either the user’s number or their desired to quit the game. Think carefully about the signature of this method before you start implementing it...

  • Error handling: The playGame method should throw an IllegalArgumentException if a null model is passed to it. If the Appendable object is unable to transmit output or the Readable object is unable to provide inputs (for whatever reason), the playGame method should throw an IllegalStateException to its caller. The playGame method must not throw any other exceptions, nor should it propagate any exceptions thrown by the model.

  • Write sufficient tests to be confident that your code is correct. Note: once the model has been tested thoroughly (which you hopefully did in the previous assignment), all that remains to be tested is whether the controller works correctly in all cases. Lecture 8: Controllers and Mock Objects will prove to be helpful.

Be sure to properly document your code with Javadoc as appropriate. Method implementations that inherit Javadoc need not provide their own unless their contract differs from the inherited documentation.

If you had to change your implementation from the previous assignment, please document your changes in a README file (a plain text file) that explains what you changed and why. This doesn’t have to be long; a simple bullet-point list will suffice. But having this documentation will make your TAs’ grading job a lot easier!

6 Testing

After you’ve submitted your Examplar examples, you will need to add additional tests to assess whether your controller works regardless of whether your model works. (Again, if you’ve sufficiently tested your model in the previous assignment, then you can rely on your model working here.) You will likely need to use the techniques in Lecture 8: Controllers and Mock Objects.

You should create your primary test class in the cs3500.klondike package, alongside the ExamplarControllerTests class. This test is outside your controller package, and so can only test the public-facing behaviors of your controller. If you want to test internal implementation details as well, you should create one more test class in the cs.klondike.controller package, so that you can check package-private implementation details if needed.

Be mindful of which test cases you place in which test class! Technically, you could run all the tests from a single class. But using multiple classes like this helps convey to the reader of your code some of your thought processes behind each test: the reader should understand the examples first, then look at the tests of public behavior, and finally look at implementation-specific fiddly details.

Note: When you submit your full implementation, you will see automated tests that we wrote and run against your code. We give some of our test methods mnemonic names, so that you can try to deduce what our tests are checking for. Just because we have a test for a given scenario, though, does not mean that you shouldn’t write your own test case to confirm your understanding!

7 What to submit

As with the previous assignment, please submit a zip containing only the src/ and test/ directories with no surrounding directories, so that the autograder recognizes your package structure. Please do not include your output/ or .idea/ directories — they’re not useful!

8 Grading standards

For this assignment, you will be graded on

Please submit your homework by the above deadline. Then be sure to complete your self evaluation by the second deadline.